@article{Odhah_Jesse_Bura_Chung_Mohamad Nor_Norsidin_Garba_Mohd-Lila_2022, title={Current Review on Mycolic Acid Immunogen of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis}, volume={12}, url={https://advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/876}, abstractNote={<p>Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a disease of sheep and goats caused by <em>Corynebacterium</em> <em>pseudotuberculosis</em>. Members of <em>Corynebacterium</em>, <em>Mycobacterium</em>, <em>Nocardia,</em> and <em>Rhodococcus</em> are the CMNR group of bacteria, which are so-called because they possess an outer cell membrane containing mycolic acids (MAs). This outer membrane presumably acts as a permeability barrier that imparts high drug resistance levels to some members of this group. The distinguishing feature of <em>C</em>. <em>pseudotuberculosis</em> is that MAs and phospholipase D (PLD) encoded by a β-corynephage in its genome are putative carriers of the toxins. Almost all members of the CMNR group possess a mycolic acid layer or mycomembrane around the cell wall, which is the main virulence determinant and plays a vital role in bacterial survival. Both PLD and MAss are virulence factors that play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em>. Phospholipases are glycophospholipid-hydrolyzing enzymes that facilitate bacterial dissemination in the host and assist the bacteria to evade phagocytosis by depletion of complement and impaired chemotaxis of neutrophils. MAs are waxy coat that protects the bacterium from hydrolytic enzymes within lysosomes and enables bacteria to skip phagocytosis and survive within the host cell. This review presents current research information on the mycolic acids of <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em> and their role in the pathogenesis of the disease which includes host cell responses of acute-phase proteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reproductive hormones changes and cellular tissue changes.</p>}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research}, author={Odhah, Mohammed Naji and Jesse, Faez Firdaus Abdullah and Bura, Paul and Chung, Eric Lim Teik and Mohamad Nor, Nur Faeza and Norsidin, Jefri Mohd and Garba, Bashiru and Mohd-Lila, Mohd-Azmi}, year={2022}, month={Apr.}, pages={177-186} }