Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research

Prevalence of Hymenolepis nana Infection in Aswan Governorate and Associated Risk Factors Assessment

Asmaa Mubarak

Hymenolepis nana infections are among the most important global socioeconomic and health problems with worldwide prevalence notably in developing countries with hot temperature and dry climates. This study aimed to estimate the linkage between the prevalence of H. nana infection in humans at variant ages and its presence in different sources including rodent, water, and green salad which play a major epidemiological role in hymenolepiasis transmission. A cross sectional study was achieved in the period between 2019 and 2021 during which 100, 50, 50, and 175 samples of rodent feces, water, green salad, and human feces were gathered, respectively and investigated for H. nana eggs. For checking the diagnostic efficacy of direct smear and flotation techniques compared to Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique, rodent and human fecal samples were examined by the three methods. We found that one (1%), two (2%), and five (5%) out of 100 rodent fecal samples contained H. nana eggs, respectively. In Parallel, 2 (1.14%), 5 (2.86%), and 7 (4%) of 175 human fecal samples were positive, respectively by the three methods emphasizing that Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique is the most sensitive. On the other hand, samples of water and green salad were examined by direct smear method only yielding 6% (3/50) contaminated vegetable samples while tape water samples weren’t contaminated by H. nana eggs. Multivariate analysis revealed no significant association between human H. nana infection and sex, age, and residence. Interestingly, a significant p value (p<0.05 at 95%CI) between prevalence of hymenolepiasis and washing of hands, washing of vegetables/fruits, fingernail trimming, and water supply was found. Therefore, a comprehensive and efficient program to manage H. nana infection should emphasize educating the hygienic practices, improving personal hygiene, and improving sources of drinking water.

Effects of Bleomycin, Selenium, and Vitamin E on Male Fertility: A Review

Hosny Abd El-Fadil Ibrahim — 2022-11-16

Bleomycin (BL) is a glycopeptide antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus that is commonly used in the treatment of human cancer. However, BL has been linked to several cases of male infertility in humans and animals. Vitamin E requires vascular transport to the liver after absorption, which is primarily facilitated by tocopheroltransfer protein. Vitamin E acts as a peroxyl radical scavenger as an antioxidant, preventing free radical propagation in tissues by reacting with them to form a tocopheryl radical, which is reduced by a hydrogen donor and returns to its reduced state. Because of its solubility, it is incorporated into cell membranes, protecting them from oxidative damage. Vitamin E plays critical roles in improving reproductive efficiency and mitigating the negative effects of several reproductive toxicants. Selenium is a trace element found in soil, water, and certain foods. It is thought to be an essential component that actively participates in a variety of metabolic pathways and plays a variety of important roles in the body. Among these functions are participation in various enzyme systems and anti-oxidative cellular processes. Selenium is required for the detoxification of harmful metals from the human body, foetal breathing, energy transfer reactions, and sperm cell formation. It is thought that a lack of selenium contributes to male infertility because it causes degradation in the testicular tissues, which leads to impaired active sperm motility as the first sign of impending infertility. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings related to BL-adverse effects of male fertility and the beneficial effects of selenium and vitamin E on the reproduction and male fertility.

Microbiological Quality of Rabbit Meat in Egypt and Worldwide: A Review

Alaa Eldin M.A. Morshdy — 2022-11-16

Rabbit meat and offal are considered as valuable sources of high biological value animal protein. Rabbit meat is rich in essential amino acids, low in cholesterol and contains considerable amounts of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc. However, rabbit meat is also implicated in the transmission of foodborne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp. Few reports had reviewed the microbiological quality of rabbit meat either worldwide or in Egypt. In this review, we will summarize the available literature about the microbiological status of rabbit meat and offal. Moreover, the potential human health risks associated with the occurrence of such foodborne pathogens in rabbit meat, and their effect on the shelf life of meat will be discussed. In addition, suggestions on how to improve the microbiological quality of rabbit meat and to extend its shelf life will also be introduced.

Assessment of Water Suitability to Aquatic Life Using Some Water Physicochemical Variables and Water Quality Index

Abedelrhman Gamal

This study was carried out on Nile river water at 8 areas. Areas under investigation include the areas which are practicing fishing with small boats or traditional hook fishing. These areas include islands; canals and bridge area for fishing. The study carried out to determine the suitability of these areas for aquatic life through the investigation of the physicochemical variables (or parameters) and water quality index (WQI) of the Nile river water at these investigated areas. Also, predicting of pollution in these areas through the quality of water using these variables with WQI. This investigation was performed during the period starting from winter 2020 to summer 2021. The obtained values of physical and chemical variables of Nile river water at the investigated areas were matched with the standard values set by Canadian water quality guidelines (2011) for aquatic life. The obtained results indicated that the values of some examined variables were higher than the recommended standards which affect the aquatic life in these areas and producing healthy problems. The concentrations of physical and chemical parameter were higher during winter than summer. The mean annual averages of WQI values of Nile river water at the investigated areas were recorded from good water to very poor water (ranged from 34.34 to 96.63) regarding to protection of aquatic life guidelines.

Milk-sucking in cows and buffaloes of Egyptian western area with special reference to the outcome of treatment

Ahmed Ahmed F

Milk-sucking (self-sucking and inter-sucking) is an anxious problem causing economic losses in dairy farms. Although several studies were conducted to elucidate the main cause, the etiology is still unclear and might be a multi-factorial problem. The present study aimed to meticulously study individual cases of milk-sucking as well as the outcome of conservative and surgical treatment in cows and buffaloes. One hundred self-sucking cows and buffaloes were admitted to different clinics of Elkharga city in New-Valley Governorate between January 2019 and August 2020. Complete clinical examination of the animals was conducted. The recorded data were the history, signalment of the animals, clinical findings, associating problems and response to conservative treatment. Forty cows were treated conservatively through the application of the plastic nose (n= 27) or mouth rings milk-sucking preventer (n= 13). Surgically operated animals were divided into two groups according to the surgical technique. Twenty animals (cows=14, buffaloes=6) were subjected to ventral partial glossectomy, and the other ten cases (cows=6, buffaloes=4) were treated using inverting technique (tongue reshaping). The results revealed good body condition, normal physiological parameters, good appetite, good fertility and conception rate and good milk yield in 70 cases. Thirty animals had suffered depraved appetite, nutritional deficiency and delay of post-partum estrus and ovulation. Fore teats were the most common sites for milk-sucking. Cross-sucking in the calf-hood period, energy and some mineral deficiency, and overcrowding in the markets might be the main causes of milk-sucking. Conservative treatment was effective as far as the device present in situ. Ventral glossectomy was better than tongue reshaping in treatment of the milk-sucking in cows and buffaloes.