Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research

A comparative study of the effect of ozone and acidic water on the chemical parameters of fresh beef during refrigeration

Arafa R. Seifeldeen — 2025-01-01

Beef is one of the most consumed types of meat all over the world and due to it is rich in nutritional composition; make it very liable to chemical spoilage (lipid and protein oxidation). So, enhancing its preservation techniques is highly recommended. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of ozone and acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) on quality attributes of beef (pH, total volatile Basics nitrogen (TVB-N), Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) during storage at 4 °C (refrigeration) for 12 days. Results revealed that there were significances differences between ozone and acidic electrolyzed water treated samples in pH value when compared with control samples. AEW showed higher enhancement effects on the physicochemical quality of treated beef and beef samples treated with 30 ppm AEW showed the best impacts on physicochemical quality. Results of TBARS and TVB-N were 1.56 and 21.30; 0.83 and 17.47; 0.85 and 15.33; 0.95 and 14.67; 0.84 and 14.73; 0.53 and 14.40; 0.43 and 14.27 for control, 10ppm ozone, 20ppm ozone, 40ppm ozone, 10ppm acidic water, 20ppm acidic water and 30 ppm acidic water at day 12/4 °C of storage. The present study showed that with increasing ozone concentration, TBARS increased but it still lower than control. From other side these results demonstrated that AEW and ozone caused significant changes in pH, TVB-N and TBARS and could effectively prolong the shelf life of beef in comparison to control samples. So AEW and ozone can be used in beef to control lipid and protein oxidation that cause meat spoilage during storage.

Relationship between virulence and antibiotic resistant genes in some Gram negative bacteria causing diarrhea in calves

Hala S. Ibrahim — 2025-01-01

Diarrhea in calves is a multifactorial disease. It is the main cause of high morbidity and mortality in calves during the first three weeks of life, resulting in negative economic effects on the livestock industry worldwide. In the current study a total of 80 fecal samples from diarrheic calves were collected and bacteriologically examined. The results revealed that 72 out of 80 samples were positive for variety of Gram negative bacteria in percentage of 90%. Enterobacteriaceae were predominant, with the isolation of E. coli (37.5%) which serotyped to (O164:K, O125:K70 ,O86:K61, O111:K58 , O119:K69, O78:K80 and O44:K70) and Klebsiella oxytoca (33.3%), while Salmonella were in percentage of 9.7% and serotyped to ( S. Typhimurium, S. Montevideo, S. Mississippi and S. Infantis)other isolates included : protues sp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundiiin percentage of 9.9%, 5.6% and 4.2%, respectively .There was a high level of antimicrobial resistance among isolates. All tested isolates salmonella and E. coli were multiple antimicrobial resistance. Virulence genes (invA, stn, bcfc) were detected in all tested isolates of Salmonella while (ompT (100%), papC (71.42%), astA (42.85%) were detected in tested E. coli isolates. Resistance genes (blaTEM (100%) and, TetA(A), Sul1) were detected in most tested isolates. This study highlights the significant level of multiple resistance to antimicrobials and its high relation with virulence in these pathogens, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and targeted treatment and stressing the dangers associated with the use of antibiotics on a random basis.

Late infection by Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) virus in broiler chickens with special attention to its effect on immune organ indices, blood biochemistry and histopathological changes in some organs‬‬‬

Shaimaa Farag — 2025-01-01

In this study, we utilized clinical chemistry, immune organ indices, and histopathological evaluations to investigate the impact of late Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) virus infection on broiler chicks reared under identical field conditions with a standardized vaccination protocol. We designed our experiment as follows: 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups. Groups A and B received identical vaccination programs, while Groups C and D did not receive vaccinations. IBH virus infection was conducted on Groups A and C at 24 days of age. We evaluated various parameters including clinical signs, mortality rates, and histopathological changes in the liver, trachea, kidney, and bursa, alongside IBH virus shedding. Plasma samples were collected at each time point from chicks in each group, and the following clinical chemistry analytes were assessed: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, uric acid, and lipase. Our findings indicate that IBH virus infection negatively impacted organ health and blood parameters.

Impact of Yucca extract and basil oil supplementation on carcass characteristics, quality of meat, and the cecal microbiota in broiler chickens

Eman H. Elmeligy — 2025-01-01

The current study investigated the effects of Yucca extract and basil oil as phytogenic supplements on broiler chickens' carcass traits, different return parameters of carcass, quality of meat and the cecal microbes. A total of 200 one day-old avian 48 broiler birds were divided into 5 treatments. The dietary treatments were control group fed basal diet only (CON), group fed basal diet +150 mg yucca extract /kg ration (YE 150), group fed basal diet + 300 mg yucca extract /kg ration (YE 300), group fed basal diet + 400 mg basil oil /kg ration (BO 400) and group fed basal diet + 800 mg basil oil/kg ration (BO 800). Our outcomes showed that differences weren't significant in carcass traits and different return parameters between different groups, while there were numerical increase in total return from carcass and breast meat % in all treated groups than control group. Dressing % for yucca and BO 800 groups showed numerical increase than those of control & BO 400 groups. Tenderness, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), PH and color showed significant difference. MDA decreased in BO groups and TAC increased in YE 300 and BO groups compared to control group, PH decreased in YE 150 compared to other groups. Also, using YE and BO didn’t affect total aerobic bacterial count, while had positive impact on lactobacillus count. In conclusion, including YE and BO in the diet did not negatively impact carcass traits but enhanced meat quality and lactobacillus count in broiler chickens.

Effect of vitamin C and its nanoparticles injection on testicular hemodynamics, testicular volume, testicular echotexture, and circulating testosterone and nitric oxide in pubescent goat bucks

Mayada Essam — 2025-01-01

The current study investigated the effect of vitamin C and its nanoparticles (NPs) on testicular hemodynamics using Doppler ultrasonography, testicular volume (TV), testicular echotexture (PIX), and circulating testosterone (T), nitric oxide (NO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in pubescent bucks under heat stress conditions. Fifteen Baladi goat bucks were split into three groups (5 in each): the control group received subcutaneous (S/C) injections of 1 ml of corn oil, the vitamin C group received S/C injections of 1 ml of traditional vitamin C (5mg/kg body weight), and the vitamin C NPs group was administered by S/C injections of 1ml of vitamin C NPs (1.25 mg/kg body weight). All groups had been injected twice a week in 3-4 days intervals for 4 consecutive weeks. Testicular hemodynamics assessment was done on day zero, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32. Estimating the TV and PIX was performed by B-mode ultrasonography and computer-assisted image analysis software. Concentrations of T, NO, and TAC were measured using commercial kits. Results revealed significant decreases (P ˂0.05) in Doppler indices values (resistive index and pulsatility index) in the vitamin C NPs group followed by the vitamin C group compared to the control group. There were significant increases (P < 0.05) in the TV, PIX, and NO, TAC concentrations in the vitamin C NPs group and vitamin C group compared to the control group. There were no significant differences (P ˃ 0.05) in the concentrations of T between all groups during the studied time points. In conclusion, vitamin C NPs improve testicular blood flow and increase NO concentrations and TV than traditional vitamin C. Nano-formulations of vitamin C showed higher antioxidant activity compared to traditional vitamin C as it improves its stability and bioavailability. So, using nanoparticles of vitamin C could be recommended for improving the reproductive performance of pubescent bucks under heat-stress conditions.

Study the effect of some processing methods on the viability of sarcocystis cysts by using vital staining techniques

Mohsen I. Arafa — 2025-01-01

Sarcocystis spp. is one of the most prevalent and pervasive livestock protozoan parasites. The overall Sarcocystis infection rate among the examined 80 buffaloes in the Assiut Governorate was 70%. Both macroscopic sarcocysts (3.75%) and microscopic sarcocysts (67.5%) differed significantly. The esophagus was the only affected organ exhibiting macroscopic sarcocysts. Besides, microscopic cysts were most prevalent in the esophagus (45%), skeletal muscles (42%) then followed by the diaphragm (36%), heart (33%), masseter muscle (27%) and tongue (25%) without statistical influence. Assessment of parasite vitality is essential in order to demonstrate the success of inactivation procedures, In terms of vital stains two techniques trypan blue staining Acridine orange staining were applied in our study. Different processing and storage techniques were assessed in this study as control measures for sarcocystosis in esophageal tissue. The viability of sarcocystis cysts after 24 hrs. of chilling at 4^oC was unaffected, but the survival rate dropped to 48.5% after 48 hrs. of storage with a very high significant difference. Storing esophageal tissue at -18^oC for 48 hrs. completely ruined the viability of sarcocystis cysts, whereas at 24 hrs., survival rate was 40.4%, exhibiting a highly significant difference. Microwave treatments employed for (30 sec, 1, 2 and 3 minutes) resulted in 100% mortality of the bradyzoites however for 15 sec. the survival rate was 74.4%, exhibiting a highly significant difference. Treatment I (2% NaCl, 2% pot. Lactate) and Treatment II (2% NaCl, 3% pot. Lactate) showed 40.7% and 21.7% survival rate for sarcocystis cysts, respectively.

Improvement of yoghurt safety by addition of thyme- oil and thyme oil Nano emulsion as antibacterial agent

Shaymaa Yusuf — 2025-01-01

Throughout the years, consumer demand for healthy, proper food has increased significantly. To cater the consumer demands, present trends in the food manufacturing are shifting to natural, high-quality products with decreasing processed additives changing them with plant-based substitutes. In the current study, the antibacterial activity of thyme essential oil and thyme oil-nanoemulsion (NE) was detected against E. coli O157, S. typhimurium, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes in manufactured yoghurt. The antibacterial activities of TEO and TNE were evaluated using disc diffusion and resazurin microdilution methods. The droplets size of the TNE was 135.7±23.04 nm also, showed a greater reduction in MIC and a greater increase in zone of inhibition (ZOI) against E. coli O157 (0.04%; 36 mm), S. typhimurium (0.01%; 41.5 mm), S. aureus (0.07%; 45 mm), and L. monocytogenes (0.1%; 32 mm). A scanning electron microscope was applied to perceive the morphological changes in the selected bacterial cells. Damage in bacterial cells following the addition of the nanoemulsion was observed. Yoghurt inoculated with the tested bacteria was supplemented with TEO and TNE at different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 0.2%) to enhance its quality. The supplementation of yoghurt with TEO nanoemulsion could represent a promising natural preservative for enhancing the microbiological safety and maintaining the sensory properties of yoghurt.

Ameliorative effect of cinnamon and its nanoemulsion on quality of beef burger during refrigerated storage

Wesam Sameeh — 2025-01-01

In the present research, cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and it's nanoemulsion was studied to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial effect against Salmonella Typhimurium artificially inoculated in beef burger stored at 4±1°C. The active phenolic compounds of CEO were studied using GC/MS analyses and the antibacterial activity of CEO and Nano-emulsion (CNE) against S. Typhimurium was determined and the result of MIC was 0.3%. The obtained results showed that the sensory properties of different treated burger samples during cold storage (4ºC) were enhanced by using CEO and CNE with different concentrations compared to the untreated (control) samples after 5 days of the storage period with significant difference (P-Value <0.05) by both concentrations of CNE. Moreover, during storage, pH and TBA values increased slightly, and the rise became more obvious for control on 7^th day of the storage then spoiled. For samples incorporated with CNE (MIC2), which maintained accepted pH of meat up to 12^th day of the storage. Regarding various treatments, the antibacterial effectiveness of CEO and CNE demonstrated a potential impact on the APC and overall yeast and mold count. Using natural antibacterial CEO could be the solutions reducing chemical preservation in fresh and refrigerated meat products. Cinnamon NE is a promising cost effective, innovative eco-friendly preservatives in meat production.

Efficacy of pumpkin and onion essential oils against isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cheese: a comparative study

Walaa M. Elsherif — 2025-01-01

Greater resistance to environmental aggressors, including resistance to antibiotics and other disinfectants is a characteristic of the Pseudomonas spp. Consequently, one of the current study's goals was to isolate Pseudomonas spp. from 165 cheese samples (55 each of Tallaga, Bramily, and Ras cheese) were collected from various dairy markets and shops in Assiut city, Egypt. The isolates were identified and tested for 16S rRNA, showing positive results. According to the collected data, pseudomonas spp. was found in 42.42% of the samples that were investigated, while pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 10.9% of the samples. Then, the effects of essential oils (EOs) of pumpkin (P) and onion (EO) on the viability of pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the prepared onion EO (OEO) and pumpkin EO (PEO) was detected. Tallaga cheese samples were produced utilizing the MIC of the two prepared Eos separately. The agar well diffusion method was used to assess the influence of EOs, and the results showed that the MIC for PEO and OEO was 0.39%. In conclusion, after Tallaga cheese manufacturing, the OEO proved to be the most effective against pseudomonas aeruginosa. with a count of 5 log10 at 0 h and <1 after the first week.

The potency of butanol fraction Syzygium cumini fruit as antimalarial on Plasmodium berghei infected mice

Imam A.A. Faisal — 2025-01-01

Plasmodium berghei is the agent responsible for malaria in rodents. Medicinal plants significantly aid in malaria treatment, with Syzygium cumini fruit showing potential as an antimalarial. This study aimed to investigate the potency of the butanol fraction of Syzygium cumini fruit as an antimalarial on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, contributing to good health and well-being. Mice were divided into six groups: groups 1 to 4 were treated with the butanol fraction of Syzygium cumini fruit at doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kgBW, respectively, while distilled water served as a negative control and chloroquine at 25 mg/kgBW as a positive control. Each mouse had a thin blood smear sample taken, and after five days, the parasitemia levels were compared to those in untreated mice. The ED50 was calculated using probit analysis to determine the inhibition level over the five days. The results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in parasitemia percentage and inhibition at all doses compared to the negative control. The ED50 of the butanol fraction was determined to be 450 mg/kgBW, classifying it as a medium antimalarial. This study concluded that the butanol fraction of Syzygium cumini fruit has antimalarial potential against Plasmodium berghei in mice, promoting health and well-being.

Enhancing protein protection and ruminal in vitro fermentation using cinnamon leaf powder (Burmese cinnamon ness ex bi.) as a cinnamaldehyde source

Chusnul Hanim — 2025-01-01

This study aimed to assess the impact of adding cinnamon leaf flour (Burmese cinnamon Ness ex BI.) to rations on rumen fermentation parameters using an in vitro method. Cinnamon leaf flour was added at levels of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, corresponding to 0, 16, 32, 48, and 64 mg/kg of feed dry matter (DM), with each treatment repeated three times. Data from the study were analyzed for variance with Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT), which was tested using one-way pattern first. The results showed that the addition of cinnamon leaf flour at level of 2% to 4% reduced pH to a range of 6.72 in the rumen. A significant decrease was observed in NH₃ concentration with the addition of cinnamon leaf flour at 4% by 19.53%. Compared to the control, there was a decrease in microbial protein concentration, with 2% level showing the highest reduction of 16.67%. The addition of 1% level decreased the population of protozoa by 13.56%. VFA production increased with the addition of 3% cinnamon leaf meal in the ration, which included total VFA of 81.66 mM, acetic acid of 38.48 mM, propionic acid of 24.20 mM, butyric acid at 19.08 mM, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio of 1.60. This study showed that adding 3% cinnamon leaf flour, which was similar to 48 mg/kg DM of cinnamaldehyde, significantly (P<0,05) reduced NH₃ and number of protozoa, maintained protein from microbes, and increased VFA production in the rumen in vitro.

Detection of adulteration in locally marketed retail meat products: Combined histological and chemical analyses

Fatma H.M. Ali — 2025-01-01

Species authentication in food of animal origin is an urgent necessity for food control since food adulteration is relevant to religious, economic, and public health concerns. This study was conducted to apply histological and chemical means of identification to detect commercial fraud in different meat products. To achieve this aim, about 60 samples including, 20 samples each of minced meat, luncheon meat, and sausage were collected from various markets in Beni-Suef, Egypt. All samples were examined histologically using hematoxylin and eosin stains for the detection of foreign tissue. The examination was confirmed with acid-chiffon blue and Masson's trichrome stain. Additionally, meat product samples were chemically examined for determination of fat, protein, starch, and nitrite. The results revealed that the examined minced meat, luncheon, and sausage samples were adulterated by different tissues including elastic artery, spongy bone, skin, fibrous connective tissue, visceral muscles, visceral organs, cartilage, tendon, secretory gland, and plant tissue. The percentages of fat accounted for 17.75 ± 0.9, 13.97 ± 0.40, and 11.23± 0.5 %, while the percentages of protein were 19.47 ± 0.6, 15.99 ± 0.3 and 16.67 ± 0.7 % in minced meat, luncheon meat, and sausage samples, respectively. Sodium nitrite was below the detection limit in all minced meat samples and 40% of luncheon samples, nonetheless, 60% of luncheon samples and all sausage samples contained detectable levels of sodium nitrite. Furthermore, starch was undetectable in all minced meat samples and 40% of sausage samples, on the other hand, all examined luncheon samples and 60% of examined sausage samples contained detectable starch levels. In conclusion, the histological and chemical examination could be valuable methods to detect adulteration in meat products.

Antioxidative status, immune response, and disease resistance of Clarias gariepinus fed on Azolla pinnata and Moringa oleifera supplemented diets

Mohamed Sayed — 2025-01-01

The current study aims to supplement fish feed with two plants (Azolla pinnata and Moringa oleifera) in order to combat the disease caused by Edwardsiella tarda bacterium. Four groups of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were set up: fish fed on supplementary feed at 5% Azolla pinnata and 5% Moringa oleifera/kg diet for groups 1 and 2, the positive control, group 3, and negative control, group 4, received non-supplemented diets. After a two-week feeding period, all groups (except group 4) received an intraperitoneal injection containing a lethal dosage of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from a local outbreak with LD₅₀ 3×10⁴. Non-specific immune parameters and antioxidant indicators were estimated at the serum level of all experimental fish before and after the Edwardsiella tarda challenge. Furthermore, tissue expression levels of some immune and antioxidant-related genes were evaluated in the spleens of experimental fish before and after the Edwardsiella tarda challenge. Results recorded that supplemented feed groups showed relative percent survival of 75% and 66.67% for groups 1 and 2 against Edwardsiella tarda with normal serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase hepatic enzymes. The high survivability was accompanied by elevated serum levels of the measured non-specific immune parameters and antioxidant indicators, particularly after challenge. Also, transcription analyses showed upregulation of expression levels of GPX, SOD1, IL-1β, and MHC-IA genes in the spleens of experimental fish, indicating enhanced innate immune response of Clarias gariepinus fed on supplementary feed at 5 % Azolla pinnata and 5 % Moringa oleifera / kg diet for two weeks.

Role of amino acids and endogenous lipids in sperm capacitation of porcine spermatozoa

Maria Mercedes Satorre — 2025-01-01

The role of oxidative substrates and metabolic pathways in providing energy for porcine sperm capacitation is not yet fully understood. Our aim was to study the role of amino acids and endogenous lipids as oxidative substrates in porcine sperm capacitation, comparing them to classical oxidative substrates such as glucose and pyruvate. Sperm samples were incubated in capacitation media with or without classical oxidative substrates. Amino acids were added in the presence or absence of salicylate, an oxidative deamination inhibitor, to assess their potential as oxidative substrates. To evaluate endogenous lipid consumption, L-carnitine (a fatty acid β-oxidation inducer) and etomoxir (a fatty acid β-oxidation inhibitor) were utilized. Sperm motility, viability, capacitation, and ammonia production were evaluated for each treatment. In capacitation media without oxidative substrates, spermatozoa preserved motility and viability but failed to undergo capacitation. The addition of amino acids to the medium without oxidative substrates increased ammonia production but did not support sperm capacitation and diminished sperm motility. These effects were not observed when glucose and pyruvate were present in culture medium, although ammonia production was still increased. The addition of L-carnitine to the medium without oxidative substrates significantly improved sperm capacitation, whereas etomoxir had no effect. Boar spermatozoa have deamination activity, but amino acids by themselves cannot sustain sperm capacitation. Contrarily, catabolism of endogenous lipids can partially support sperm capacitation when they are the only oxidative substrates available. This study provides new insights into the role of metabolic pathways during porcine sperm capacitation and has significant implications for the development of assisted reproductive technologies in this species.

Antimicrobial effect of cinnamon oil, L-lysine, and beta-carotene on multi-drug resistant Listeria monocytogenes isolated from milk and dairy products

Nourhan El-wasef — 2025-01-01

Despite many achievements in developed countries mainly in health and food sectors, L .monocytogenes remains a great challenge in food industries. This study was developed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of L. monocytogenes in Egyptian dairies. Furthermore, some phytochemicals such as cinnamon oil, L-lysine, and beta-carotene were used as antilisterial additives in soft cheese as a food substrate. A total of 150 dairy samples (raw milk, farm bulk tank milk, yogurt, Kareish cheese, white soft cheese (Damietta), and ice cream, 25 each) were screened to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. The results revealed that 5, 10, 8, 6, 3, and 2 samples of bulk tank milk, market raw milk, Kariesh cheese, soft cheese, yogurt, and ice cream were contaminated with Listeria spp., respectively. The antimicrobial resistance profiling showed that 100% of L .monocytogenes (12 isolates) revealed resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoxitin, and cefepime. Furthermore, molecular characterization revealed that all L. monocytogenes harbored the hylA virulent gene. Application of some phytochemicals such as cinnamon oil and L-lysine significantly (p<0.05) reduced L. monocytogenes growth in soft cheese artificially contaminated with L. monocytogenes, while beta-carotene did not reveal any significant (p<0.05) growth inhibition during 28 days of storage. In conclusion, Egyptian dairy products are considered a vehicle for the transmission of L. monocytogenes, thus strict hygienic measures should be adopted from farm to fork. In addition, cinnamon oil and L-lysine are considered good candidates for dairy sectors as food preservatives.

Amelioration of physical characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and fertilizing potential of cryopreserved buck goats’ spermatozoa through Amphora coffeaeformis microalga extract

Ibrahim S. Abd El-Hamid — 2025-01-01

This investigation consisted of two sequential experiments. The first one attempted to explore the effect of various levels of Amphora coffeaeformis microalga extract (ACME) supplementation to the semen medium on buck’s sperm quality. Semen samples were collected with an artificial vagina from 6 fertile Damascus bucks and then were diluted with an extender containing ACME (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 µl/mL) or without (control). Aliquots of diluted semen were stored and maintained at 4°C for the subsequent 48 h during which sperm traits were assessed alongside total antioxidant capacity (TAC), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), reduction of the resazurin dye test (RRT), and sperm DNA fragmentation index using fluorescent imaging. In the second experiment, the optimum level of ACME supplementation was used to determine the fertilization ability of spermatozoa. The obtained results of the first experiment indicated clearly that level 12.5 µl/mL of ACME achieved higher (P< 0.05) values of progressive motility, live sperm, normal sperm, and intact acrosome at 48 h of chilled preservation than those of other experimental groups. Moreover, addition of 12.5 µl/mL ACME to the semen extender increased (P<0.05) TAC at T₄₈ of the preservation period. Correspondingly, ACME supplementation at level of 12.5 µl/mL reduced the secondary sperm abnormalities at 48 h of chilled preservation. The results of DNA fragmentation index (DFI) improved (P<0.05) with level of ACME (12.5 µl/mL), compared with the other levels or control specimens at T₄₈ h of storage period. Consequently, the optimum level of ACME (12.5 µl/mL) yielded higher (P<0.05) in fertilization rate compared to control. The emerged results accentuate the protective role of Amphora coffeaeformis microalga extract on cryopreserved spermatozoa. Furthermore, addition ACME at level of 12.5 μg/ mL to semen extender appeared to be the optimum level to express the valuable effects on the semen quality, antioxidant activities, DNA fragmentation index, and fertilizing potentials.

Meta-Analysis of the effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) supplementation on broiler growth performance

Makmun Murod — 2025-01-01

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a leguminous plant rich in amino acids and micronutrients, making it a potential feed supplement for poultry. However, its high fiber content may limit its efficacy. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of alfalfa supplementation on broiler performance, including feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Articles were selected from Scopus, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar based on eligibility criteria developed with reference to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Written information in English that includes age of animal, form of alfalfa, growth phase, supplementation level, and evaluation of animal performance (consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion of broilers). The effect size of the alfalfa supplementation treatment was calculated to estimate the standardised mean difference (SMD) at 95% Confident Interval (95% CI) using a random effects model (REM). The meta-analysis included 8 research papers that were eligible. Open Meta-Analyst for Ecology and Evolution (OpenMEE) software was used for all analyses. The collected results showed that afalfa supplementation decreased feed consumption (SMD -0.98; P>0.001), decreased body weight (SMD -1.4; P>0.001), but increased feed conversion value (SMD 0.83; P>0.001). The conclusion of the meta-analysis indicates that alfalfa supplementation as a feed protein-fibre additive can reduce broiler performance.

Regenerating effects of platelet-rich plasma and bone marrow aspirate on sciatic nerve injuries in dogs

Mohammed A.H. Abdelhakiem — 2025-01-01

In dogs, the sciatic nerve is prone to damage from pelvic fractures due to trauma, or from internal fixation of pelvic fractures due to iatrogenic injury. It had been the goal of previous studies to find a way to accelerate nerve regeneration functionally. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow (BM) aspirate on the functional healing of surgically severed sciatic nerve in dogs after its end-to-end anastomosis. Fifteen adult healthy mongrel dogs of both sexes were included in this study. They had been anesthetized and prepared for aseptic surgery as usual. The sciatic nerve was exposed midway between the ischiatic tuberosity and the sacrococcygeal joint. It was severed and anastomosed by end-to-end fashion using three to four interrupted stitches. Dogs were then randomly allocated into three groups; A, B, and C. In group A (control), the sutured nerve was left without treatment. In group B, 1 ml of PRP was injected into the epineurium and around the nerve at the suture site. In group C, 1 ml of BM aspirate was injected into the epineurium and around the nerve at the suture site. In all groups, the muscular incision, subcutis, and skin were sutured routinely. Animals were evaluated at monthly intervals for 3 months through the recording of physiological parameters, neurological examination findings (postural reactions, and spinal reflexes), and laboratory examination, while the histopathological examination was carried out at the end of study. Data were statistically analyzed and expressed as mean ± SEM. Differences were statistically significant at P<0.05. The results showed a moderate degree of lameness, persistent knuckling, and dropped hock in the control group (A). The dogs of the PRP group (B) did not show lameness, knuckling, or dropped hocks. There was a slight degree of lameness, intermittent knuckling, and occasional dropping of the hock in the BM group (C). There were significant differences in hopping, extensor thrust, between groups A and both groups B and C but the righting reaction was varied substantially between groups A and C. There was not a significant variation in the biochemical tests between different groups except the creatine kinase, which was high in the BM group relative to PRP and control groups. Histopathological examination revealed variations between groups in the architectural pattern of the repaired nerves, which was better in the PRP group. It could be concluded that the addition of the PRP and BM aspirate to the injured nerve after its suturing promotes the healing microscopically with little functional improvement within months. Platelet rich plasma and Bone marrow aspirate are useful biological materials when are used in the acute injury or rupture of the peripheral nerves in animals.

Immunomodulatory effect of synbiotic goat milk cheese on indomethacin-induced inflammation rats

Nurliyani — 2025-01-01

The aim of this study was to determine immunomodulatory effect of synbiotic goat milk cheese on indomethacin-induced inflammation rats. The rats were divided into 6 groups: synbiotic cheese (Lactobacillus rhamnosus + glucomannan porang) (1.44 g/d), synbiotic cheese (0.72 g/d), synbiotic cheese (0.36 g/d), probiotic cheese (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) (0.72 g/d), normal rats (standard AIN-93 only), and indomethacin only. The results showed that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α and nitric oxide (NO) levels in rats fed with sinbiotic 1.44 and 0.72 g/d were not significantly different from those found in normal rats. The plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX)1 levels in the rats treated with synbiotics and probiotics showed no difference from those induced with indomethacin only. The GPX1 gene expression in liver tissue in rats treated with synbiotic and probiotic was not different from those of indomethacin-induced rats. The jejunum in synbiotic cheese group experienced less mucosal or epithelial damage compared to that in the group induced with indomethacin only. There were more mucin-producing goblet cells in the crypt and more microvilli in the jejunum and ileum of rats treated with synbiotic or probiotic cheese. In conclusion, the synbiotic goat milk cheese can act as an immunomodulator in the inflammatory rats which is through the production of TNF-α and NO so that the TNF-α and NO are found similar to normal rats. The synbiotic goat milk cheese can reduce damage to the intestinal epithelial cells and increase the number of mucin-producing goblet cells.

Adverse effect of chronic oral intubation of MSG on ECG, Endothelin-1, Nitric oxide, ATP synthase activity, and some minerals in male rabbits

Eman H. Heil — 2025-01-01

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive with many applications. This substance is toxic to the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of MSG on electrocardiogram alterations and some cardiac biomarkers. Twenty male rabbits were divided into two groups equally and randomly. Group one served as the control group and was intubated with tap water. The second group of rabbits received 8 mg/kg B.W of MSG orally for ten weeks. A cardiac puncture was performed to collect blood samples from rabbits in the 10^th week of the experimental study to evaluate cardiac biomarkers. These included endothelin-1, troponin I, nitric oxide (NO), and enzyme activities such as ATPase and NO synthase in the serum. Furthermore, potassium, sodium, calcium levels, and electrocardiographic intervals (P, QRS, and T) were measured. The present study showed that cardiac troponin I, endothelin-1, ATP synthase, and NO synthase activity levels significantly increased in the MSG-treated animals, while NO synthase activity decreased significantly. Furthermore, the concentration of NO in the serum was found to decrease significantly. Additionally, there was a significant increase in hypernatremia and a significant decrease in hypokalemia. The electrocardiogram recordings of the MSG group showed prolonged waves (P, QRS, T) and intervals (ST, QT) compared to the electrocardiogram records of the control group. This study concluded that administering 8 mg/kg of intubated medication daily for 10 weeks impact the cardiac markers, leading to arrhythmia in the male rabbits.

Association between selected metabolic parameters and chronic digital dermatitis in Holstein dairy cows

Ahmed Allowaim — 2025-01-02

The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between chronic digital dermatitis (DD) and the selected metabolic and hematological parameters in Holstein dairy cows. For this purpose, thirty-eight parturient dairy cows investigated. Of all, 19 cows were suffering from chronic digital dermatitis, and 19 cows were clinically healthy. Cows were examined clinically and those with chronic DD were selected. Subjective evaluation of cows with DD was performed by one person and the score was recorded. Blood samples were obtained from diseased and control cows for measurement of metabolic profile. β-HB showed a significant increase in cows with DD in comparison to control health cows (p< 0.01). But glucose showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05). Regarding the macro- and micro elements, there was a significant decrease of calcium (p < 0.0) and phosphorus (p < 0.01) level in cows with DD in comparison with healthy control cows. while serum Mg showed non-significant changes between groups. Serum mineral values of Zn, and Cu were statistically significantly decreased (p <0.01) in cows with chronic DD in comparison with the control cows. Total leukocytic counts, neutrophils and neutrophils lymphocyte ration were significantly increased in diseased cases compared with control (p < 0.01). But lymphocytes were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that DD may affect greatly the metabolic status of the diseased cows with consequent occurrence of other metabolic diseases. The biochemical and hematological changes may highly be related to inflammatory stress.

Radiographic imaging of the thorax in newborn calves with anorectal anomalies

Mohammed A.H. Abdelhakiem — 2025-01-04

The present study aimed to understand the radiographic anatomy of the thorax in newborn calves and to investigate the effect of anorectal anomalies on respiratory and cardiovascular structures. The study included thirty newborn calves. All were male except four. Their ages ranged from 1 to 5 days. Upon arrival at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), the animals underwent clinical and radiographic examinations. The calves were divided into two groups: the anorectal group (n=19) and the non-anorectal group (n=11). The radiographic examination focused on both the abdomen and thorax in the first group, while the second group was assessed primarily for other conditions, such as mandibular or limb fractures, alongside thoracic evaluation. Two lateral radiographic views of the thorax were obtained for each animal. Key measurements were taken, which included the cranial pulmonary blood vessels, vertebral heart score (VHS), diameter of the caudal vena cava (CVC), diameter of the aorta, tracheal diameter, thoracic inlet, thoracic length, and thoracic axis. The size of the heart was evaluated according to the Fernández method. The results indicated that there were no significant changes in clinical examination findings between the two groups, except for an increased respiratory rate in the anorectal group. Radiographic findings showed no significant differences between the right and left lateral views within each group. However, clear differences were observed between the anorectal and non-anorectal groups in terms of cardiac long axis (CLA), cardiac short axis (CSA), VHS, thoracic length, and thoracic axis (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in heart size according to the Fernández method between the two groups. In conclusion, radiography is a valuable tool for understanding the thoracic anatomy of newborn calves. Anorectal anomalies lead to significant changes in some thoracic structures due to abdominal distension and pressure on the diaphragm. Additionally, different methods for assessing cardiac size are unreliable and should not be solely relied upon for definitive conclusions about heart size.

A strategic plan to improve fertility rates after handling dystocia in Egyptian buffaloes

Gaber A. Megahed — 2025-01-04

The study investigated how veterinarians' management decisions during dystocia affected postpartum fertility in buffaloes. Conducted from October 2020 to September 2023, the study examined 288 buffaloes out of 655 dystocia cases observed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt. Dystocia was evident in all the cases reviewed, as reported by the owners. After conducting vaginal examinations, the selected cases were identified to have fetal malposition (FM), incomplete cervical dilatation (ICD), or uterine torsion (UT). Out of the 288 buffaloes included in the study, 192 were chosen to test the research hypothesis. The first line of treatment for these animals involved either a cesarean section (n = 75), correction of fetal malposition (n = 35), management of insufficient cervical dilatation (n = 27), or detorsion of uterine torsion (n = 55). In the number of cases where the initial treatment was unsuccessful—such as fetal malposition (n = 20), incomplete cervical dilatation (n = 12), or uterine torsion (n = 20)—a cesarean section was performed as a secondary option to resolve the issues causing the failure of fetal expulsion.

Benefits of pectin coating cuticle damaged egg to prevent contamination with S. enteritidis and E. coli during sanitization with slightly acidic electrolyzed water

Lamiaa M. Talaat Alshrief — 2025-01-07

Ensuring the microbial safety of eggs is essential to reduce foodborne illnesses caused by Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and SAEW combined with pectin coating (SAEW-p) in reducing bacterial survival on eggshells and egg contents during refrigerated storage over 7 days. Fresh cuticle-damaged eggs were artificially inoculated with E. coli and S. enteritidis and subjected to SAEW or SAEW-p treatments. Bacterial counts were assessed on day 0 and throughout storage (days 1, 3, 5, and 7) at 4°C. On eggshells, SAEW-p treatment demonstrated significantly enhanced bacterial reduction compared to SAEW alone. By day 7, SAEW-p reduced E. coli and S. enteritidis counts to 3.30 and 3.74 log CFU/ml, respectively, compared to 4.67 and 4.38 log CFU/ml for SAEW-treated eggs and 5.65 and 5.37 log CFU/ml for the control. In egg contents, SAEW-p eliminated E. coli by day 5 and maintained sterility through day 7, whereas SAEW alone achieved partial bacterial reduction. The superior efficacy of SAEW-p is attributed to the synergistic effect of SAEW's oxidative disinfection and the physical barrier provided by the pectin coating, which inhibited bacterial recontamination and moisture loss. These findings highlight the potential of SAEW-p as a safe, eco-friendly, and highly effective treatment to enhance microbial safety and extend the shelf life of eggs during storage. The combined approach offers a promising solution for the food industry to mitigate contamination risks and ensure food safety.

The beneficial impact of legume supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility, growth and reproductive performance of goats: A brief review

Salim Muhammad — 2025-01-07

The productivity of goats in small-scale farming is largely influenced by the availability and affordability of high-quality forages all year round. Grasses commonly used for pastures in tropical regions tend to have low protein levels, which may not be sufficient for optimal production in ruminant animals. Despite potential concerns such as anti-nutritional elements and toxins, the addition of legumes to goat diets could be a beneficial way to address nutritional deficiencies in the diet of goats. This review discussed the beneficial impact of some legumes supplementation (Gliricidia sepium, Sesbania grandiflora, and Leucaena leucocephala) on nutrient intake, digestibility, growth and reproductive performance of goats. Studies have shown that G. sepium supplementation can improve nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, N retention, and body weight of goats. S. grandiflora supplementation had a beneficial impact on nutrient intake and digestibility, semen quality, and body weight. L. leucocephala supplementation to the goat diets have been reported to improve production of volatile fatty acid and urinary purine derivatives, growth performance, dressing percentage, and overall yield of kid per animal, as well as reduce the incidence of abortion. This suggests that supplementation with high-quality foliage is very beneficial to increase nutrient intake, digestibility, growth and reproductive performance of goats fed low quality grass.

The effects of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) on the sustainable poultry nutrition production systems

Wafaa Abd El-Ghany — 2025-01-07

The rapid increase in humans’ population, changing dietary patterns, and increasing competition between food and feed production spotlight the crucial need for the search of new sustainable food production chains. Intensive research has been carried out on the use of different protein sources as in the livestock diets, however, there are still limits on the suitability of amino acid profiles, nutrient availability, and yield. Consequently, there is a necessity for new, sustainable, and easy-to-produce substitute protein sources for the modern industry production. Insects do not compete with humans for resources, and they efficiently utilize organic waste to grow. Recently, insect products have gained increasing attention as a new animal’s protein and fat alternative for the animal’s feed. In this line, the black soldier fly (BSF) meals have been highlighted as a solution in the livestock, particularly, poultry production. In the poultry feeding systems, BSF could be directly incorporated in diets as larva, powder, or oil to improve the general health conditions of birds. Therefore, this article was designed to investigate the different impacts of adding BSF to the diets of poultry regarding the performance, carcass traits, gut health, mortalities, blood parameters, immunity, as well as the oxidant and microbial status of the fed birds.

Salinity and toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in aquatic system: A review study

Safa M. Imran — 2025-01-07

Nanotechnology has significantly advanced in many scientific fields, particularly in nanoscale materials. Nanoparticles are distinguished by their small size and large surface area contributing to their unique functionality and reactivity. One of the most effective types of nanoparticles is zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), known for their exceptional physical and chemical properties. Aquatic organisms benefit from ZnO-NPs due to their ability to promote growth and provide nutritional advantages. An aqueous solution containing ZnO-NPs has proven effective in removing lead and cadmium from water. Furthermore, incorporating zinc oxide in nanoform into fish feed enhances food palatability and increases consumption rates. However, improper handling of these nanoparticles can pose serious environmental risks. The zinc ions released by ZnO-NPs in water are considered the primary source of toxicity. The toxicity of ZnO-NPs is influenced by the presence of Zn²⁺ ions in solution and the formation of particle aggregates. Various parameters, including salinity, affect the ZnO-NP aggregates and the release of zinc ions. Salinity facilitates this complexation by providing additional chloride ions, which further reduce Zn²⁺ concentrations. While salinity increases aggregation, Zn²⁺ levels tend to decrease with rising salinity. Therefore, the salinity of water must be considered when assessing the impact of nanoparticles on aquatic life. This review, for the first time, investigated the effect of salinity on the properties and toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Additionally, it highlighted the detrimental effects of ZnO-NPs on fish. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of salinity-nanoparticle interactions, further research into the physicochemical properties and toxicity of nanoparticles, such as ZnO-NPs, is essential.