Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research

Synergism between Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotic and rosemary nano-emulsion: Effect on broiler chicken meat quality and shelf life

Asmaa M. Abd-Elrahman

Although several studies have investigated the effect of either probiotic feed additives or postmortem meat treatment on the quality of obtained chicken meat, the impact of combined treatment with probiotic feed additives along with meat dipping in essential oil nano-emulsion on meat shelf-life is barely examined. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of combined treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (SCY) and rosemary oil nano-emulsion (RNE) on the quality and shelf-life of chilled broiler meat. The experimental part consisted of adding SCY as a feed additive to broiler ration and/or dipping the resulting chicken meat in RNE 10% for 24 hours. Afterward, chicken meat from different treated groups, as well as the control one was refrigerated (4 ± 1 °C) and periodically examined on 0, 3^rd, 7^th, and 9^th days of storage. The obtained results revealed significant reductions in total colony, Total Enterobacteriaceae, total staphylococci, and total fungal counts of the SCY+RNE-treated group were reduced by about 79.4 %, 34 %, 72.8 % and 32.5% as compared to control, respectively (p<0.001). While of RNE-treated group, they were decreased by about 71.6 %, 16.5 %,14.4 % and 26 % as compared to control, respectively (p˂0.001). Whereas of the SCY-treated group, they were reduced about 57.2 %, 59 %, 28.5 % and 24.7 % as compared to control, respectively (p˂0.001). Additionally, meat spoilage indicators (pH, TBA-RS, TVBN) came in harmony with the microbiological results. As control group samples had the highest values of pH, TBA-RS, and TVBN, followed by the RNE-treated group and the SCY-treated group. On the other hand, the SCY+RNE-treated group showed the lowest pH, TBA-RS, and TVBN levels (p<0.001). These results confirm that treatment with SCY alone, RNE alone, and SCY+RNE prolonged the shelf-life of broiler chicken meat. To conclude, the addition of SCY as a probiotic additive to chicken feed in combination with meat dipping in RNE has a potential synergistic favorable effect on chicken meat quality and shelf-life.

Necrotic enteritis and coinfection with different coccidia species with unveiling the effect of moringa extract in alleviating their negative impact in broiler chickens

Amani abel-latif mosleh1

A severe co-infection in poultry is produced by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and coccidia, which results in fatalities and bleeding diarrhea. In the study, we obtained a total of 200 samples from eight broiler farms to isolate C. perfringens and detect Eimeria spp. from suspected diseased poultry and litter. Thirteen percent of the samples were positive for C. perfringens, and 87% and 50% of the confirmed isolates, respectively, had the enterotoxin genes cpe and netB. Eimeria spp. accounted for 60% of the population, with E. acervulina, E. necatrix, E. tenella, and E. maxima being the most frequently identified species. Furthermore, we determined the relative efficacy of the plant extracts by examining the efficacy of Moringa oleifera extractraction on broilers experimentally infected with C. perfringnes and mixed Eimeria species. We divided the 30 birds into three groups, each containing of 10 birds. Group 1 (G1) was used as a control, Group 2 (G2) had C. perfringens type A and Eimeria spp. Infections for the last 3 weeks, and Group 3 (G3) had the same infections as Group 2 and had been fed M. oleifera extract (150 mg/kg BW). At the experimental infection level, the animals' growth performance parameters became better than those of the infected group, with a significant variation (P < 0.05) in G3. Additionally, they had fewer C. perfringens infections in their intestines and caeces, and their feces shed fewer oocysts. In conclusion, M. olifera extract is effective against C. perfringens and Eimeria-challenged birds and enhances their performance.

Winter Dietary Protein Impacts on Growth and Body Composition of Common Carp

basim ahmed

This study assessed the effect of changing dietary protein levels on the growth and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during winter. Four experimental diets with protein levels of 30% (T1), 28% (T2), 26% (T3), and 35% (T4) were examined. Common carp, averaging 148.7g in weight and 24.33cm in total length, and kept in a 4x4x3 meter pond. Over 90 days, the fish were fed these diets once daily. Fish on the T2 diet (28% protein) showed the best growth performance, including higher daily weight gain, total weight gain, and specific growth rate. T2 also had the highest Fulton and modified condition factors. Feeding parameters such as total feed intake and protein productivity were greater in T2. Protein efficiency ratios were better in T2, T1, and T3 compared to T4. Length-weight relationships specified isometric growth for T3, positive allometric growth for T2, and negative growth for T1.

Hepatoprotective effect of L-carnitine is achieved via activating Nrf2 and targeting TLR4 signaling pathways in Thioacetamide –induced liver fibrosis in rats

Mostafa Abbas Shalaby

Abstract

Background: Liver fibrosis is a critical health problem that can results in serious illness and death. L-carnitine (LC) is a naturally occurring compound which transports fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane for consequent beta-oxidation. It acts as an antioxidant to lessen cellular oxidative stress. . This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of LC in the modulation of Nrf2 signaling and TLR4 pathways in rats with liver fibrosis caused Thioacetamide (TAA).

Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wister rats were assigned into four groups as follows: Group 1 served as a normal control group. Rats in group 2 were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with TAA to twice a week at a dose of 200 mg/kg B.wt for 6 weeks to produce liver fibrosis. Two weeks following TAA injections, 50 and 100 mg/kg of LC were administered to the rats in groups 3 and 4, concurrently with TAA injections until end of the experiment.

Results: Injection of LC decreased the levels of the liver enzymes (ALT and AST) in rats with liver fibrosis induced by TAA. Malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels all significantly decreased in LC treated groups. LC administration increased albumin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Additionally, expression of PI3K was increased and expression of TLR4 was decreased in the LC treated groups according to PCR data. The biochemical findings were supported by histopathological findings. Regarding immunohistopathological examination, the LC treated groups reduced in hepatic expression of caspase-3 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).

Conclusion: LC reduces, in a dose dependent manner, liver fibrosis in rats induced by Thioacetamide via modifying Nrf2 and TLR4 pathways.

Pathological, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Vulvar Fibropapilloma in a Heifer and its Therapeutic Trial: Case Report

Mohamed Hesham

A 6-month-old heifer cow was admitted to our veterinary clinic with a large, nodular, vulvar, broad base tumor that had an outer necrosed, rough core and smaller blackish nodules at the thigh region. The animal displayed a normal appetite, and the clinical parameters were within the normal physiological limits. The tumor was resected surgically, thermocautarization was applied and the animal received supportive treatment and antibiotic therapy to get rid of secondary infections. The tumor was photographed and fixed in neutral buffer formalin 10% for further histopathological assessments that showed hyperkeratosis, koilocytosis, and acanthosis of the stratified squamous epithelium. Occasional eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were observed. Immunohistochemical results revealed nuclear immunopositivity to cellular proliferation markers (PCNA and Ki-67) of the stratum basale as well as fibroblasts. Vimentin-positive labeling was remarkable in the dermal connective tissue. Myofibroblasts, smooth muscles of hair follicles, and dilated capillaries showed α-SMA positive reaction. Tumor recurrence didn’t occur during a period of follow-up that extended to six months. We concluded that surgical excision with thermocautarization is the ideal treatment for genital fibropapillomas. Since the animal was sexually immature, genital papillomas are not restricted to venereal transmission. Further hormonal immunoassays are recommended.