Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research

Selection, Molecular identification and Testing of Potentially-Probiotic Bacteria recovered from popular Artisanal Egyptian Cheeses

Wageh Darwish, Samah S. Abd-Elatif, Mohamed A. Bayoumi, Mohamed E. A. Alnakip

The present study was aimed to select potential probiotic and functional strains among lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from some artisanal Egyptian dairy products. For this, 100 samples comprising karish (fresh skimmed), mish (aged salted skimmed) and Domiati (brined ripened) cheese varieties in addition to Zabady (fermented milk variety) were surveyed in this study. Approximately, 300 lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains were isolated and initially screened for their antibacterial activity against the two common food-borne pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Using cell free extract of isolated LAB strains, various antimicrobial inhibition patterns have been noted against the tested pathogens. Upon further proteolytic and neutralization treatments, only 16 strains were proved to have potent antimicrobial attribute. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing identification of those 16 strains, 8 different species were identified (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. fermentum, Pediococcus acidilacticii and Enterococcus faecium). Additionally, those 16 strains were tested for different probiotic, functional and safety criteria (acid and bile resistance, salt tolerance, milk acidification ability, heamolytic activity and antibiotic sensitivity). The present study showed that artisanal Egyptian fermented dairy products have proven to be sources of safe potentially-probiotic LAB with interesting physiological properties, thus it could be further incorporated in manufacture of various dairy products as starter and non-starter cultures.

Screening of Particular Food-borne pathogens in raw Buffalo`s milk and some popular artisanal Egyptian dairy products

Wageh Darwish, Mohamed E. A. Alnakip, Engy El-Essely , Mohamed A. Bayoumi

Although their nutritive value and popularity, milk and dairy products frequently serve as a vehicle for the various pathogens of both human and animal origins. A wide variety of artisanal dairy products are produced in rural areas and villages of Egypt and due to lack of strict hygienic measures and lack of thermal treatment, these products usually harbor a variety of spoilage and possibly food-poisoning microorganisms. The current study aimed to investigate the contamination incidence of raw milk, Kariesh cheese and artisanal Yoghurt (Zabady) by staphylococci, E. coli and Bacillus cereus. Overall, 75 samples of raw milk (100.00%) were contaminated by staphylococci, 54 samples of karish cheese (72.00 %) contained E. coli, meanwhile, 45 samples of Zabady (60.00 %) yielded Bacillus cereus. Additionally, 29 out of 34 E. coli strains recovered from examined samples, were successfully serotyped with correspondence to 9 different serogroups, meanwhile 43 strains from different samples were untypeable by available antisera. 80 out of all 162 E. coli isolates (49.38 %) carried haemolytic activity feature, which reflect a great threat towards consumers. Furthermore, the phenotypic AR of S. aureus and E. coli isolates was checked against eleven selected antibiotics. A remarkable variation in phenotypic AR was noticed among strains.

The Metabolic Impact of Vitamin D on the Context of Metabolic Syndrome

Vitamin D deficiency is one of the major affecting factors on metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. So we aimed in our study to show the anti-diabetic effects of vitamin D on type 2 diabetic rats. Therefore, 45 rats were divided into three groups (15 rats per each group). The first group served as a control and fed on a standard chow diet while the other two groups served as diabetic groups as they fed on high fructose, high fat, and high sucrose diet and for 12 weeks then they injected with intraperitoneal single dose (45 mg/kg b.wt) of STZ dissolved in cold 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. After one week of injection the third diabetic group was treated for 4 weeks with two intramuscular (20,000 IU/Kg) of vitamin D dissolved in sesame oil. The obtained results demonstrated that administration of vitamin D could improve serum glucose and insulin levels with an increase in serum calcitonin and calcium in correlation with the decrease in parathyroid hormone, phosphorus and lipids levels in the presence of significant upregulation of gene expression in liver (PPARα, GLP-1, and IGF-1) and in adipose tissue (Ptch, Smo, Gli-1, and hhip). In conclusion, vitamin D administration can improve insulin resistance by improving blood glucose and insulin levels.

Urethral stricture: Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management

A urethral stricture disease (USD), which is a restriction of the urethra brought on by scarring, effectively blocks the lower urinary system. By impairing the patient's capacity to pee, harming the entire urinary tract, and interfering with kidney function, this blockage can drastically diminish the patient's quality of life. Because of this, it is essential that urethral strictures, which can affect both men and women, are swiftly diagnosed and appropriately treated. Urethral stricture disease can be caused by iatrogenic injuries, due to idiopathic reasons, traumatic origin or due to inflammation. In this review we would like to throw the light on USD etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.

Herbal Oils and Probiotic Efficacy in Rabbits Challenged with Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli

Colibacillosis is a common infectious bacterial disease that can cause enteritis and high mortality in young rabbits, threatening the breeding industry. This work was performed to express some virulence-determining genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated E. coli and to study the efficacy of herbal oils and/or probiotic on reducing E. coli infection in rabbits. Vaginal swabs and semen samples were collected from rabbits with reproductive problems (farm 1) and anal swabs were collected from rabbits with diarrhea (farm 2) in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Samples were subjected for bacterial identification, antibiogram-testing and molecular monitoring of iss and eaeA virulence genes. An experiment was performed in which 54 weaned California rabbits were divided into 6 equal groups, negative control group (G1), non-infected treated with probiotic and both fennel and moringa oils (G2), Infected and treated with probiotic, fennel and moringa oils (G3), treated with probiotic only (G4), treated with colistin sulfate (G5) and Positive control (G6). Infected groups (G3, G4, G5 and G6) were challenged orally with E. coli (1x10⁷ CFU). The detection of E. coli was 15.3% (2/13) and 62.5% (10/16) in farm (1) and (2) respectively. The isolated E. coli was multidrug-resistant (MDR), carrying virulence genes iss and eaeA, with prevalence of 100% (12/12) and 50% (6 /12) respectively. Clinical symptoms were prominent in the experiment E. coli infected untreated group (6), with the least evidence in group (5). The E. coli colony counts were significantly higher in group (6) while rabbits in group (3) had significantly higher body weights compared to infected groups. Thus, we concluded that, the use of two herbal oils and probiotics were able to reduce mortality rates, clinical signs, and the total E. coli count in experimentally infected rabbits.