Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research

Potency of A Combined Peste Des Petits Ruminants and Sheep Pox Freeze Dried Vaccine

Pest des petits ruminants (PPR) and sheep pox (SP) viruses represent a hazard facing sheep population. The present work deals with preparation of a combined live attenuated vaccine that protects sheep against the two diseases. Successfully, combined Peste des petits ruminants and sheep pox freeze dried vaccine was proved to sterile and be free from different aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma contaminants; safe (as no atypical reaction either local or systemic in mice and sheep and did not affect close contact unvaccinated sheep) and potent (providing vaccinated sheep with high protective specific immunity against both causative viruses) for 6 months (the experimental period) suggesting that such immunity will remain to not less than one year. It could be recommended the use of such vaccine to control the two diseases using one shot of vaccination saves time, effort, and cost.

Tissue culture-based preparation and validation of the turkey pox virus vaccine

Turkey Pox Virus (TKPV) is one of avipox virus affecting poultry breeding causing many economic losses due to general skin lesion on the non-feathered area of the body (cutaneous form) and may be fatal in case of diphtheritic form. Turkey breeding in Egypt is getting a lot of attention lately so the disease of turkey get more concern, the most important disease that causes loses is (TKPV). The most effective way to control the disease is vaccination the birds with suitable vaccine protecting against the circulating virus therefor this study for production of TKPV vaccine. TKPV was isolated by inoculation of eleven day old Embryonated Chicken Egg (ECE) on Chorioallantoic membrane ( CAM) then the Egg adapted TKPV was propagated on Chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) till adaptation at 15^th passage when titer was reaching to log 10 ^5.5 TCID 50/ ml . The adapted virus is transmitted to Vero cell line to produce the qualified vaccine. All quality control measures approve the vaccine ready to be used to control the TKPV disease in Egypt. C4L like gene expression was employed to evaluate TKPV virulence via Quantitative RT-PCR to ensure TKPV attenuation that begin from the 15th passage till complete attenuation at 20th passage. After complete all measures the live attenuated lyophilized TKPV vaccine is ready for control.

The effectiveness of protective measures against Streptococcosis and the immune responses triggered by the administration of live, live-attenuated, and killed vaccines were assessed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The objective of this project is to develop live (LV), live attenuated (LAV), and autoclaved killed vaccines (AKV). The development of the vaccine involves utilizing two well-characterized strains of Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae), namely S. iniae 1 and S. iniae 2, which were obtained from Gilthead sea bream; suffered from mass mortality in lower Egypt of average weight 350± 0.5g. Pathogenicity test and lethal dose determination were performed. To conduct the experiment, apparently healthy Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) of average weight 30± 0.2g were divided into five experimental groups: T1 group, which served as a negative control and received saline; T2 group, which served as a positive control and received S. iniae 2; T3 group, which received an autoclaved killed vaccine for S. iniae 2; T4 group, which received a live attenuated vaccine for S. iniae 2; and T5 group, which received a live vaccine for S. iniae 1. At the end of the vaccination period, S. iniae 2 was introduced challenge to all groups. Serum samples were collected three weeks after vaccination to measure serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase. The findings demonstrated that the pathogenicity test reach 0 and 100% mortality rate for S. iniae 1 and S. iniae 2, respectively. Live attenuated vaccine had significantly higher protective rate than live vaccinations, while autoclaved vaccine had the best protective efficacy (88.2%). These results were confirmed through measurement some immune parameters as Serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase.

Anti- Staphylococcus Aureus Activity Of Some Essential Oils And Their Impacts Of Physicochemical Properties Of Chilled Minced Meat

Raw minced beef is one of the most used meat products and exposing to microbial contamination as well. So, improving its preservation techniques is highly recommended, especially with raising of microbial multidrug resistance worldwide. The recent study aimed to evaluate impacts of olive and garlic essential oils on the physicochemical and S. aureus multiplication in chilled minced beef along nine days of refrigeration. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oils was determined using disc diffusion technique. Results revealed higher inhibitory effect of garlic oil than olive oil on S. aureus, combination of olive and garlic (GOC) treated samples showed significant synergistic effect appeared as wider zone of inhibition and higher enhancement effects on the physicochemical and bacterial quality of the treated chilled minced meat. Although, the treated samples were sensory acceptable at the 9^th day, when the control group showed spoilage characteristics; they, all, showed signs of spoilage in various degrees at the 12^th day of storage. In addition, results of pH, TBA and TVN were 6.3, 0.82 and 18.7; 6.2, 0.79 and 18.3; 6.0, 0.75 and 17.5 for the olive oil (1.5%), garlic oil (1.0%) and GOC treated groups at the 9^th day of storage, respectively. On the other hand, significant retardation in the S. aureus growth was observed in all the treated samples revealing that the used oils a promising and recommended meat additive of significant preservation characteristic on the meat safety and quality.

Rosuvastatin and Ezetimibe loaded PLGA: an investigation approach for the treatment of hyperlipidemia induced by Triton in male albino rats

This study aims to develop and optimize the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Ezetimibe (EZE) and Rosuvastatin (RSV) combination using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs). To achieve this, in vivo Triton induced hyperlipidemia rats were used to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity of the marketed products in comparison with their NPs. Results revealed that after 24 hours, Triton treated animals showed altered lipid profiles including significantly (P<0.05) high cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and Non-HDL-C and low HDL-C. They also exhibited an increase in the activities of ALT and AST enzymes, creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen levels and a decline in the total proteins and albumin levels indicating liver and kidney injuries. Triton also altered the glycemic control as evidenced by the increase in glucose and insulin growth factor. Administration of orally EZE+RSV and their loaded NPs significantly (P<0.05) attenuated the lipids alters after 15 days of treatment. This attenuation was continued up to 30 days in many evaluated parameters. They also were effective in partial preventing liver and kidney injuries and the glycemic controls. The effects of NPs were more pronounced that the marketed forms. In conclusion, and based on our findings, the efficiency and convenience of anti-hyperlipidemic activity of EZE+RSV nanoparticles were well demonstrated.