Newcastle disease virus Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 inhibits growth of rat mammary carcinoma models

Abstract

The lack of effective therapeutic modalities for mammary cancer is attributed to side effects and therapy resistance, necessitating the exploration of alternative treatment options. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) exhibits oncolytic activity, making it a promising candidate for cancer therapy. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the virulent NDV Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 on the growth of mammary carcinoma. The study involved 15 white female Sprague-Dawley rats induced with mammary carcinoma. After the tumors had developed, the rats were divided into two treatment groups, i.e., treatment 0 (P0) and treatment 1 (P1), which received 500 μL of phosphate-buffered saline and 128 HAU/500 μL of NDV Tabanan-1/ARP/2017, respectively. The rats were euthanized on day 15 post-virotherapy. Rats were necropsied, the tumor was excised to measure its weight, percentage of tumor inhibition, and subsequently routinely processed for histopathological preparations. The tumor weights in each treatment group were 3.70±0.72 and 2.34±0.64 grams, respectively, with a tumor inhibition percentage of 36.62%. The angiogenesis, hemorrhage, and mitotic activity of P1 were lower than those of P0, while inflammatory cell infiltration and areas of necrosis appeared more prominent in the group treated with the NDV. In conclusion, the NDV Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 shows potential as a virotherapy agent for rat mammary carcinoma models.