Immunomodulatory effect of synbiotic goat milk cheese on indomethacin-induced inflammation rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine immunomodulatory effect of synbiotic goat milk cheese on indomethacin-induced inflammation rats. The rats were divided into 6 groups: synbiotic cheese (Lactobacillus rhamnosus + glucomannan porang) (1.44 g/d), synbiotic cheese (0.72 g/d), synbiotic cheese (0.36 g/d), probiotic cheese (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) (0.72 g/d), normal rats (standard AIN-93 only), and indomethacin only. The results showed that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α and nitric oxide (NO) levels in rats fed with sinbiotic 1.44 and 0.72 g/d were not significantly different from those found in normal rats.  The plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX)1 levels in the rats treated with synbiotics and probiotics showed no difference from those induced with indomethacin only. The GPX1 gene expression in liver tissue in rats treated with synbiotic and probiotic was not different from those of indomethacin-induced rats. The jejunum in synbiotic cheese group experienced less mucosal or epithelial damage compared to that in the group induced with indomethacin only. There were more mucin-producing goblet cells in the crypt and more microvilli in the jejunum and ileum of rats treated with synbiotic or probiotic cheese. In conclusion, the synbiotic goat milk cheese can act as an immunomodulator in the inflammatory rats which is through the production of TNF-α and NO so that the TNF-α and NO are found similar to normal rats. The synbiotic goat milk cheese can reduce damage to the intestinal epithelial cells and increase the number of mucin-producing goblet cells.