Cinnamon zeylanicum extract improves some metabolic disorders associated with polycystic ovary syndrome by modulating miR-21/SIRT-1/GSK-3β pathways

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a commonly occurring condition, influencing both metabolic and reproductive system-related functions. Hence, the objective of this research was to examine the possibility influence of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ) on hormonal disorders, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation and some gene expressions in rats with PCOS pathogenesis. 50 female albino rats were classified into five groups: Control group: rats were received no medication. Induced PCOS Group: rats were treated daily with Letrozole at dose 1 mg/kg for 28 days. Metformin group: rats were given metformin at dose 150 mg/kg for 30 days after receiving Letrozole. Cinnamomum zeylanicum group: rats received Letrozole like group II and treated for 30 days with 200 mg/kg of the hydroalcoholic extract of CZ. Metformin + CZ group: rats given daily metformin and hydroalcoholic extract of CZ for 30 days after Letrozole administration. PCOS Rats exhibited a marked elevation of serum testosterone and LH hormone with a marked decrease of FSH hormone. A significant increase in insulin and glucose concentrations, augmented in TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations, upregulation of GSK-3β and miRNA-21 genes, and downregulation of SIRT-1 expression. Histopathological examination revealed multiple ovarian cysts with a notable absence of corpora lutea, increased stromal thickness, hyperplasia of the theca cells, and follicular arrest. Management of diseased rats with CZ extract showed noticeable improvement in all parameters. The findings indicate that cinnamonaldehyde in Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract has beneficial effects on hormonal imbalance, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation underscoring its potential as a treatment approach for PCOS.