Alterations in the lipid profile and oxidative stress associated with anorexia in donkeys with large intestinal impaction

Abstract

Hyperlipemia is one of the most common and life-threatening conditions, frequently associated with anorexia secondary to many disease conditions. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the lipid profile and oxidative stress associated with different durations of anorexia in donkeys with large intestinal impaction. Twenty-three non-pregnant female donkeys (7–13 years, 270–300 kg) affected by large intestinal impaction and varying durations of anorexia (1, 3, 5, and ≥ 6 days) were investigated. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, hepatic indicators, and antioxidant defenses. Results revealed progressive significant increases (p < 0.05) in serum triglycerides, LDL, uric acid, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidase, and bilirubin, indicating enhanced fat mobilization, hepatic strain, and oxidative stress. Conversely, antioxidant defenses such as catalase activity and vitamin C declined sharply, while HDL levels also decreased significantly (p <0.05). Albumin showed a mild reduction, whereas total protein remained stable. The findings highlight that prolonged anorexia, especially beyond 5–6 days, induces severe metabolic dysregulation and oxidative imbalance, predisposing donkeys to hyperlipemia and hepatic dysfunction. Early nutritional and antioxidant intervention is therefore crucial to mitigate these risks and improve survival outcomes in anorexic donkeys suffering from impaction of the large intestine.