Highlight on Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Some Bacteria Isolated from Broiler with Regard to Effect of Moringa Oleifera Nanoemulsion on Multidrug Resistance

Abstract

Poultry bacterial pathogen is a major problem in poultry farms, with serious consequences for poultry and human. Two hundred samples of apparently health and freshly died broiler were collected from different commercial farms at Sharkia governorate, Egypt. Salmonella spp. detected in (29%) of examined specimens and serologically identified into S. Typhimurium, S. Kentucky, S. Infantis, S. Enteritidis and S. Agama with percentages 9.5%, 6.5%, 5%, 4.5% and 3.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, Pseudomonas spp. detected in (19%), the most prevalent serotype was P. aeruginosa O2, O5, O9, and O11. However, the antimicrobial-resistant strains of pathogens continuously emerge, with ineffective of medical treatments, thus, the isolates were examined for detection of multidrug resistant (MDR), doxycycline exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Salmonella spp. (55.17%); and ceftriaxone and doxycycline against Pseudomonas spp. (52.63%). Uniplex PCR examination for ampC, stn, tetA(B), integrase genes on MGEs were detected in all Salmonella spp. isolates, and mexR, tetA (B), integrase genes in all examined MDR P. aeruginosa isolates, meanwhile, exoU detected in 80% on MGEs. A novel antibacterial strategy was achieved to minimize economic burdens and the health associated with antimicrobial resistance which obliterate pathogens without any adverse effects on poultry and human. Therefore, the application of a trial using M. Oleifera nanoemulsion in order to control the multidrug resistant genes expression. These findings demonstrated that M. oleifera nanoemulsion was a good choice to its potential as a drug that can be used against Salmonella and P. aeruginosa in poultry industry.