Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Species Isolated from Some Food Products and Human in Alexandria, Egypt

Abstract

This study was carried out in Alexandria Province for a period of 12 months from November 2021 to October 2022 in the laboratory of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University for isolation and molecular identification of Salmonella from some food products of animal origin as well as humans. In addition, the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the identified bacterial strains was assessed. A total of 450 food samples, comprising chicken paneeh, chicken burger, chicken luncheon, minced meat, beef burger, and kariesh cheese (75 each), were randomly gathered from. In addition, a total of 100 human stool samples have been obtained from 60 diarrheal individuals and 40 apparently healthy ones. Isolation of Salmonella from food samples on XLD clarified that the recovery rate was 12, 8, 5.3, 13.3, 9.3 and 5.3 % for Chicken paneeh, Chicken burger, Chicken luncheon, Minced meat, Beef burger and Kariesh cheese, respectively (40 isolates) while biochemical identification showed that the detection rate was 9.3, 5.3, 5.3, 8, 5.3 and 4% from the same samples, respectively (28 isolates only). Moreover, the molecular identification revealed the detection of 11 isolates only. Finally, the serological identification of 11Salmonella isolates clarified the presence of S. Enteritidis, S. Haifa, S. Inganda, S. Tamale, S. Typhimurium and S. Shangani with various rates. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella strains (n=11) isolated from food products revealed that Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic against the tested isolates (90.9 %) followed by Doxycycline (72.73 %) while Cephalexin was the least effective antibiotics as it was noticed that 100% of isolates were resistant. On the other hand, Isolation of Salmonella from the stool samples on XLD (43 isolates) clarified that the recovery rate was 53.3 and 27.5 % for diarrheic and apparently healthy individuals, respectively while biochemical identification tests showed that the detection rate was 25 and 10 % for diarrheic and apparently healthy individuals, respectively (19 isolates only). In addition, the molecular identification of isolates revealed the detection of 16 isolates only. Finally, the serological identification of Salmonella isolates (n=11) recovered from food products clarified the presence of S. Enteritidis, S. Haifa, S. Inganda, S. Typhimurium, S. Montevideo and S. Tsevie with various rates. Finally, antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella strains (n=11) isolated from stool samples revealed that Vancomycin and Doxycycline were the most effective antibiotics against the tested isolates (93.75 %) while it was noticed that 100% of isolates were resistant to the remaining antibiotics (Ampicillin, Cefotaxim, Cephalexin, Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin G, Streptomycin and Tetracycline).