Effect of Using Peptide as a Replacement of Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Pigs: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression

Abstract

A systematic review and meta-regression were done to investigate the effect of using peptide as a replacement of antibiotic growth promoters on pig. A dataset was created based on an algorithm for peer-reviewed articles published from 2004 to 2019. The peer-reviewed published articles were evaluated strictly following the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Meta-regression was performed using a non-linear mixed model library provided by R Studio 4.1.1 software. A structure algorithm was constructed using ‘magick’, ‘ggplot’, ‘ggplot2’ and ‘cowplot’ add-ons to create a meta-regression. In this study, meta-regression between year of publication and number of pigs included in the experiments was associated with growth performance and diarrhea with p = 0.032 and p < 0.163, respectively. Meanwhile, the source of peptide intercepts for these parameters were 38.33 (p = 0.052) and 48.44 (p = < 0.071), respectively. The scientific evidence from the meta-analysis based on the in-vivo studies demonstrates that both form and dosage of the anti-microbial have a beneficial effect on pigs.