Molecular detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in imported canaries (Serinus canaria) from Malaysia

Authors

  • Izzatul Istiana Master Program of Veterinary Disease and Public Health Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
  • Mustofa Helmi Effendi Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
  • Yulianna Puspitasari Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
  • Muhammad ‘Ahdi Kurniawan Master Program of Veterinary Disease and Public Health Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
  • Mufasirin Mufasirin Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
  • Boedi Setiawan Division of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
  • Dadik Raharjo Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
  • Fifin Kunia Sari Master Program of Veterinary Disease and Public Health Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
  • Tri Endah Purbowati Master Program of Veterinary Disease and Public Health Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
  • Dina Agylia Rahmandari Master Program of Veterinary Disease and Public Health Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
  • Saifur Rehman Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, RV9W+GVJ, Indus HWY, Dera Ismail Khan 27000, Pakistan
  • Budiastuti Budiastuti Study Program of Pharmacy Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Jl. Raya Sutorejo No.59, Dukuh Sutorejo, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60113, East Java, Indonesia
  • John Yew Huat Tang School of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources, and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Besut Campus), Besut 22200, Malaysia
  • Riza Zainuddin Ahmad Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
  • Aswin Rafif Khairullah Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
  • Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia

Keywords:

Escherichia coli, ESBL, canaries, blaTEM, public health

Abstract

The increasing public interest in keeping canaries has driven the growth of international trade in ornamental birds in Indonesia, especially in East Java. Data from the East Java Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Center shows a significant increase in imports of canaries (Serinus canaria) from Malaysia. The high volume of imports has the potential to be a route of entry and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, one of which is Escherichia coli. The ability of E. coli to transfer resistance genes to other bacteria makes it an important reservoir in the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. This study aimed to identify the presence of E. coli producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) in imported canaries, as well as to analyze their antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 150 canary feces samples were taken aseptically at the Malang Animal Quarantine Installation. Isolation of E. coli was carried out using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media and confirmed by the IMViC biochemical test. Antibiotic sensitivity test (amoxicillin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) using the Kirby-Bauer method. Detection of the blaTEM gene in Multidrug Resistance (MDR) isolates was carried out by PCR. Of the 150 samples, 27 isolates (18%) were confirmed as E. coli, with 81.4% (22/27) showing an MDR pattern. The highest resistance was found to tetracycline (88.9%), amoxicillin (85.1%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70.4%). The blaTEM gene was detected in 59.1% (13/22) of the MDR isolates, indicating a plasmid-mediated beta-lactam resistance mechanism. Imported canaries have the potential to be a reservoir of ESBL-producing E. coli with a high prevalence of MDR. These findings highlight the need for strict supervision of bird imports and regulation of antibiotic use in farms to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

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Published

2025-10-01

How to Cite

Istiana, I., Effendi, M. H., Puspitasari, Y., Kurniawan, M. ‘Ahdi ., Mufasirin, M., Setiawan, B., Raharjo, D., Sari, F. K. ., Purbowati, T. E. ., Rahmandari, D. A. ., Rehman, S., Budiastuti, B., Tang, J. Y. H., Ahmad, R. Z. ., Khairullah, A. R. ., & Kurniasih, D. A. A. . (2025). Molecular detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in imported canaries (Serinus canaria) from Malaysia. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 15(4), 436-442. Retrieved from https://advetresearch.com/index.php/AVR/article/view/2274

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Section

Original Research

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